Dr. Subhash Mukherjee was the doctor of 1st test tube baby of India, Durga, aka, Kanupriya Agarwal born on 3rd October 1978.
Human reproduction research has always been fraught with both scientific and ethical challenges that initially hindered the development of treatments for infertility. However, in the 1960s and 1970s, our understanding of the events in human oocyte fertilization grew to the point that in vitro fertilization (IVF) of human oocytes became possible. Ultimately, this knowledge led to the widely acclaimed first live birth of a “test tube baby,” Louise Brown, in England in 1978
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process of fertilization where an egg is combined with sperm in vitro (“in glass”). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman’s ovulatory process, removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from her ovaries, and letting sperm fertilize them in a culture medium in a laboratory. After the fertilized egg (zygote) undergoes embryo culture for 2–6 days, it is transferred by catheter into the uterus, to establish a successful pregnancy.
The Latin term in vitro, meaning “in glass”, is used because early biological experiments involving the cultivation of tissues outside the living organism were carried out in glass containers, such as beakers, test tubes, or Petri dishes. Today, the scientific term “in vitro” is used to refer to any biological procedure that is performed outside the organism in which it would normally have occurred, to distinguish it from an in vivo procedure (such as in vivo fertilisation), where the tissue remains inside the living organism in which it is normally found.
Originally yielding single-digit success rates, IVF is now successful in nearly 50% of cases in which the woman is younger than 35 years.
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